Gonorrhea remains a common STI with many asymptomatic cases, growing antibiotic resistance, and risks for infertility and neonatal eye infection. Regular screening, condom use, timely treatment with recommended antibiotics, and public-health measures are essential.
Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, progresses through primary, secondary, latent, and sometimes tertiary stages. Benzathine penicillin G remains the recommended treatment, and early diagnosis - especially in pregnancy - is critical to prevent congenital infection.
HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer and is linked to several other cancers. Most infections clear, but persistent high-risk strains can cause precancer and cancer. Vaccination and regular screening prevent most HPV-related cancers.