Umbilical cord blood is rich in hematopoietic stem cells used to treat blood and immune disorders. Families can choose public donation, which supports patients in need, or private storage for family use. Collection is safe for mother and baby but requires advance registration with a cord blood bank and hospital coordination. Delayed cord clamping can reduce the volume available for collection, so discuss options with your care team. Public banks screen and accept units based on quality; private banks charge fees and store units for the family.
Cord blood is valuable - and it's not waste
Umbilical cord blood is rich in hematopoietic (blood-forming) stem cells. These cells are used in transplants to treat blood cancers, bone marrow failure, inherited immune and metabolic disorders, and other conditions. Researchers are also testing cord blood in regenerative and neurologic applications, but established uses today remain primarily hematologic and immunologic.
Collection poses no risk to mother or baby. The blood is drawn from the umbilical cord after birth, so it does not interfere with delivery. That said, cord blood collection must be planned in advance with your care team and the receiving cord blood bank.
Public donation vs private storage
There are two common pathways: public donation and private (family) storage. Public banks accept donated units for use by any matching patient; donation is typically free but subject to maternal screening and bank acceptance criteria. Private banks store a baby's cord blood exclusively for that family and charge processing and annual storage fees.
Deciding which option to pursue depends on family history, resources, and preference. Public donation expands the pool of available matches for patients in need. Private storage is an insurance-like option when there is an existing family medical indication, but most families never need the privately stored unit.
Timing and logistics - arrange before birth
You must notify the hospital and bank well before your due date. Not every hospital partners with public banks or has on-site staff experienced in cord collection. If you plan to donate or bank privately, register with the bank, complete consent forms, and bring any required collection kit and paperwork to the hospital.
Be aware that delayed cord clamping - recommended in many births to benefit the newborn - can lower the volume of cord blood available for collection. Discuss timing and priorities with your obstetrician or midwife so you can balance immediate neonatal benefits with donation goals.
After collection, banks test the sample and the mother for infectious diseases, process the unit, and cryopreserve it. Public banks follow matching and release procedures; private banks retain the unit for family use.
Practical points to remember
- Consent and registration must be completed before labor.
- Collection does not change routine obstetric care.
- Not all hospitals participate with public banks; confirm availability early.
- Private banking involves fees; public donation does not.
- Donated units are screened and only stored if they meet quality standards.