Microdermabrasion uses controlled mechanical exfoliation - via diamond tips, crystals, or crystal-free suction - to refresh skin texture and tone. It is generally safe with minimal side effects but is not for deep wrinkles or active inflammatory skin disease. Typical programs involve several sessions spaced 2-4 weeks apart and require sun protection and temporary avoidance of strong topical agents.
What microdermabrasion is
Microdermabrasion is a non-invasive cosmetic procedure that resurfaces the outermost layer of skin. Providers use controlled abrasion - traditionally with fine crystals or more commonly today with a diamond-tipped wand or crystal-free suction devices - to reduce dullness, light acne scarring, mild hyperpigmentation, and fine lines.
Typical treatment and results
A session usually takes 30-60 minutes and requires no anesthesia. Most people need multiple treatments for visible improvement; clinics commonly recommend a series of sessions (often 4-6) spaced about 2-4 weeks apart, depending on the device and the skin concern. Results are gradual: skin often looks brighter and smoother after the first treatment and continues to improve across the series.
Who is a candidate - and who should wait
Microdermabrasion suits many skin types and tones when performed appropriately. It is not effective for deep wrinkles or severe acne scarring and may be inappropriate for active inflammatory skin conditions (for example, open wounds, active cystic acne, eczema, or severe rosacea).
Discuss recent or current medications with your clinician - particularly prescription retinoids or oral isotretinoin - as they can increase sensitivity. Your provider will advise whether to pause topical agents before treatment.
Devices, safety, and side effects
Modern systems include diamond-tip wands, crystal systems (aluminum oxide or sodium bicarbonate were used historically), and crystal-free microdermabrasion. All aim to exfoliate the stratum corneum without surgical incisions.
Side effects are generally mild and temporary: redness, slight swelling, increased skin sensitivity, or, rarely, bruising. Aggressive treatment can cause irritation or pigment changes, especially in darker skin tones, so select a trained provider and conservative settings.
Aftercare and expectations
After treatment, protect treated skin from sun exposure and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen daily. Avoid harsh exfoliants and strong topical acids or retinoids for a few days, or follow your clinician's specific timing. Normal activities typically resume immediately, though makeup may be delayed for a day if skin is noticeably red.
At-home kits versus professional treatment
Home microdermabrasion devices exist with lower suction and gentler tips. They may improve skin texture when used correctly, but they are less powerful than professional devices. Overuse at home can lead to irritation - follow manufacturer guidance and pause treatment for any adverse reaction.
Choosing a provider
Look for an experienced, licensed clinician such as a board-certified dermatologist or plastic surgeon. Professional organizations (for example, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons) offer referral services. Ask about the device, number of sessions recommended, expected downtime, and before/after photos for similar skin types.