What Compression Socks Do and How to Choose Them

Compression socks use graded pressure - tightest at the ankle and easing up the leg - to support veins and reduce blood pooling. They come in common compression ranges (8-15, 15-20, 20-30, 30-40 mmHg), are made from elastane blends, and serve medical and lifestyle uses such as varicose vein care, travel, and post-exercise recovery. They are generally safe but require medical review for peripheral arterial disease, diabetic neuropathy, or leg wounds. Measure for fit, choose the appropriate length and compression, and launder gently to preserve elasticity.

What compression socks are

Compression socks (also called compression stockings) are hosiery designed to apply graduated pressure to the lower leg. They are tightest at the ankle and gradually loosen up the calf or thigh. That graded compression helps support veins and improves blood return from the foot and lower leg.

How they work

By applying external pressure, compression socks reduce the diameter of surface veins, support valve function, and limit blood pooling. This can reduce swelling, aching, and the sensation of heavy legs. Materials such as nylon blended with elastane (Lycra/spandex) provide the stretch and recovery that produce sustained pressure.

Common compression levels

• Mild: 8-15 mmHg - general relief and comfort

• Moderate: 15-20 mmHg - travel, mild swelling, fatigue

• Firm: 20-30 mmHg - common medical strength for varicose veins and post-procedure use

• Extra firm: 30-40 mmHg - used for more advanced venous disease under medical guidance

Who uses them and why

Medical indications include chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, post-sclerotherapy or vein procedures, and some forms of edema. For travel and long periods of sitting, they reduce leg swelling and discomfort and can help maintain comfort on long flights or drives.

Athletes and people who stand for long shifts also use compression socks for symptom relief and perceived faster recovery. Evidence on performance benefits is mixed, but many users report reduced soreness.

Safety and when to see a clinician

Compression socks are safe for most people, but they are not appropriate for everyone. Do not use them if you have significant peripheral arterial disease (poor arterial blood flow), uncontrolled infection of the leg, or certain kinds of severe heart failure - check with a healthcare provider first.

If you have diabetes with neuropathy, a history of vascular disease, or any wounds on the leg, get medical advice before using compression garments.

Choosing the right fit and caring for them

Measure circumference at the ankle, the calf, and sometimes the thigh depending on length. Socks come in knee-high, thigh-high, and full-length stockings, as well as open- or closed-toe styles.

Care extends the life of compression socks: wash on a gentle cycle or by hand with mild detergent and air dry. Replace them when they lose elasticity or show wear (commonly every 3-6 months with regular use).

Compression socks are a simple, effective tool for many leg symptoms. Use the right compression level and fit, and consult your clinician for medical conditions or if you're unsure which option fits your needs.