How to Install Hardwood Flooring: 4 Common Methods (Updated)

Nail-down and staple-down attach boards mechanically to plywood or OSB subfloors and are common for solid and some engineered products. Glue-down bonds engineered planks and parquet to concrete or wood subfloors using approved adhesives. Floating floors lock together over an underlayment and are the most DIY-friendly. Always follow manufacturer guidance on acclimation, moisture limits, and fastening for best results.

Choosing the right installation method is as important as choosing the wood itself. The four common approaches - nail-down, staple-down, glue-down, and floating - each suit different products, subfloors, and skill levels. Below is a practical, up-to-date guide to help you decide.

Nail-down

Nail-down installation is the traditional method for solid hardwood and some engineered planks. Installers use a flooring cleat or pneumatic flooring nailer to drive fasteners at the tongue angle so each board is secured to a plywood or OSB subfloor.

This method demands a reasonably flat, dry subfloor and usually isn't used directly over concrete. It provides a stable, long-lasting attachment and is a common choice when you want a wall-to-wall hardwood look.

Staple-down

Staple-down is similar to nail-down but uses heavy-duty staples instead of cleats. It can be faster for some installers and works with many engineered and solid products designed for mechanical fastening.

Like nailing, stapling requires the correct equipment and a compatible subfloor. Follow the flooring manufacturer's fastening schedule for staple size and spacing to avoid problems down the line.

Glue-down

Glue-down installation is typical for engineered hardwood and parquet, especially over concrete slabs. Modern flooring adhesives (formulated for wood and subfloor type) create a strong bond and reduce movement and hollow spots.

When gluing to concrete, use an adhesive approved for that application and follow moisture and preparation guidelines. Adhesive choice and trowel size affect performance, so follow manufacturer instructions or hire a pro if you're unsure.

Floating

Floating floors aren't attached to the subfloor; the boards lock together and "float" over an underlayment. This approach is the fastest and often the most DIY-friendly.

Click-lock engineered planks and some laminates use this method. Underlayment adds sound absorption and moisture protection, and some floating floors also accept a thin vapor barrier when installed over concrete.

Finishing and practical tips

Many modern hardwoods come prefinished, which simplifies installation and reduces dust. Site-finishing is still used for custom looks or solid wood and requires sanding and coating after installation.

Key pre-install steps: acclimate flooring per manufacturer instructions, check subfloor flatness and moisture levels, and choose the right fasteners or adhesive. If you aren't comfortable with tools or moisture testing, hire a qualified installer.

With proper installation and routine care - control indoor humidity, clean gently, and protect high-traffic areas - your hardwood floor can last for decades and transform the feel of your home.