Originally a slim Japanese mattress set designed for floor use and storage, a futon now often means a convertible sofa-bed in Western contexts. Traditional futons (shikibuton) prioritize breathability and compact storage, while modern futon mattresses come in foam, hybrid, and innerspring options mounted on wood or metal frames. Futons work well in small spaces and require routine care like airing (traditional) or rotating and cleaning covers (Western).
What is a futon?
A futon originally refers to a traditional Japanese bedding set: a thin mattress (shikibuton) laid directly on a tatami floor, plus a duvet (kakebuton) and pillow. Japanese futons are usually filled with cotton or wool batting and are designed to be folded and stored during the day to save space.
How traditional futons differ from Western versions
Traditional futons are slim and breathable. People air them in the sun or hang them to keep them dry and to remove dust. They prioritize portability and compact storage rather than thick cushioning.
In many Western countries, the word "futon" expanded to describe a convertible piece of furniture: a mattress mounted on a folding frame that serves as a sofa by day and a bed by night. These Western-style futons tend to be thicker and use a wider range of fillings, such as foam, memory foam, latex, cotton batting, or innerspring cores.
Frames and mechanisms: futon vs. sleeper sofa
A key difference between a futon and a sleeper sofa is the conversion mechanism. Futon frames usually hinge to fold flat; the mattress remains on the frame when you convert it from sofa to bed. Sleeper sofas typically hide a metal trifold mattress mechanism inside the couch, which you pull out to make the bed.
Frame materials vary. Wood frames offer a classic look and sturdy support. Metal frames tend to be lighter and more affordable. Many modern frames include locking systems that hold the backrest at several angles for sitting and lounging.
Choosing the right futon mattress
Decide what you need most: comfort for nightly sleep or occasional use for guests. If you plan to sleep on a futon nightly, look for denser foam or a hybrid (foam over innerspring) mattress for better long-term support. For guest use, lighter foam or cotton-filled mattresses can be adequate and easier to store.
Also consider cover fabrics. Removable, washable covers extend the life of the futon mattress and make maintenance easier.
Care and longevity
Traditional Japanese futons benefit from regular airing and occasional beating to keep the filling even and dry. Western-style futon mattresses last longer when you rotate them periodically and keep covers clean. Follow manufacturer instructions for specific materials, especially for memory foam and latex.
Where futons work best
Futons suit small apartments, multipurpose rooms, and households that need flexible seating and occasional sleeping space. They offer a simple, space-saving solution that bridges seating and bedding without the complexity of a pull-out bed.