Salix matsudana 'Tortuosa' is a fast-growing willow valued for its twisted branches and winter structure. It tolerates wet soils and poor drainage, propagates easily from cuttings, and provides early-season resources for pollinators. Expect weak wood, root suckering, and susceptibility to common willow pests and diseases. Prune for structure and avoid planting near foundations.

Overview

The Corkscrew Willow (commonly sold as Salix matsudana 'Tortuosa') is a small-to-medium fast-growing deciduous tree prized for its contorted, twisting branches. It typically reaches about 20-40 feet tall with a narrower 15-20 foot spread, forming a multi-stemmed, upright crown. The corkscrew branching is most striking in winter when leaves have fallen.

Identification and flowering

Leaves are narrow, alternate, and turn yellow in autumn. In spring the tree produces willow catkins (early-season pollen/nectar sources for bees), but the flowers are not showy. The trunk has thin bark and the tree often develops several trunks unless trained to a single leader.

Site, soil and growth habit

This willow tolerates a wide range of soils, including wet or poorly drained sites, and prefers full sun to part shade. It is commonly used near water and for bank stabilization because of its rapid growth and rooting habit. Expect very fast annual growth in suitable sites.

The species is vigorous and sends suckers from roots; avoid planting too close to foundations, septic systems, or pipes.

Pruning and structure

Corkscrew Willows have relatively weak wood and a tendency to form narrow branch angles. Prune in late winter or very early spring to remove crossing or rubbing branches, reduce weight on heavy limbs, and encourage a stronger branch structure. Regular structural pruning reduces storm damage and the need for corrective work later.

Pests and diseases

Common pests include aphids and various borers. The species is also susceptible to diseases such as willow scab, canker, and crown gall. The non-native spongy moth (formerly called gypsy moth) can defoliate willows during outbreaks. Most issues are manageable with sanitation (removing infected wood and fallen leaves) and timely pruning; severe infestations or structural failures may require professional arboricultural help.

Cultivars and hardiness

The standard corkscrew form remains widely available in the trade. There are selections and hybrids with different shoot colors and improved hardiness; however, cultivar names and performance can vary by region and supplier . The tree is generally reported as hardy across many temperate climates (commonly grown in USDA zones around 4-8) but check local recommendations before planting.

Propagation and landscaping uses

Corkscrew Willow propagates easily from hardwood cuttings and sprouts from roots. Use it where you want quick screening, a focal winter branch texture, or erosion control near water. Do not plant it where invasive root spread or weak wood could cause property damage.

  1. Confirm current accepted botanical name and synonyms for the Corkscrew Willow (Salix matsudana 'Tortuosa' vs. Salix babylonica 'Tortuosa').
  2. Verify availability and hardiness claims for 'Golden Curls' and 'Scarlet Curls' cultivars and whether they are recognized hybrids of S. matsudana.

FAQs about Corkscrew Willow

How large does the Corkscrew Willow get?
Most trees reach about 20-40 feet tall with a 15-20 foot spread at maturity, depending on site quality and pruning.
Is the Corkscrew Willow suitable near water?
Yes. It tolerates wet soils and is often used for bank stabilization, but its aggressive roots can invade structures and utilities, so siting matters.
When should I prune a Corkscrew Willow?
Prune in late winter or very early spring to remove weak or crossing branches and reduce limb weight. Regular structural pruning reduces storm damage.
What pests and diseases affect this willow?
Common problems include aphids, borers, willow scab, canker, crown gall, and defoliation from spongy moths. Sanitation and timely pruning usually control minor outbreaks.
How is the tree propagated?
It roots easily from hardwood cuttings and also spreads by suckers from the root system.