CNA programs combine classroom and clinical training to teach core caregiving skills - ADLs, mobility, positioning, vital signs, feeding, infection control, and documentation. Graduates must pass a state competency exam and follow state and facility scope-of-practice rules before working as a CNA.
Why a CNA program?
A certified nursing assistant (CNA) program offers a fast, practical entry into nursing support roles. Programs combine classroom learning with hands-on clinical practice so students can start working in long-term care, hospitals, and community settings after certification.
Typical program structure
Programs vary by state and school but generally include both theory and supervised clinical hours. Graduates must pass their state's competency exam to appear on the state nurse aide registry and work as a CNA. Many employers also expect current CPR/Basic Life Support (BLS) certification.
Core hands-on skills
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
CNA training focuses on assisting patients with ADLs: bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and feeding. Instructors emphasize helping patients maintain independence while providing safe support.
Mobility and transfers
You will learn safe transfer and ambulation techniques, including gait-belt use, walker assistance, and proper body mechanics to protect both patient and caregiver. Training stresses fall prevention and progressive encouragement of mobility.
Positioning and bed care
Proper positioning prevents pressure injuries. CNA students practice turning, repositioning, and making occupied and unoccupied beds while maintaining patient comfort and dignity.
Vital signs and basic observations
Recording temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure is a core skill. Equally important is noticing and reporting changes in skin color, breathing, level of consciousness, or pain to licensed staff.
Feeding and oral care
You will learn safe feeding techniques, including feeding patients with swallowing risks, and basic oral hygiene - both are essential for nutrition and infection prevention.
Application of compression garments
Training covers application of anti-embolism (TED) stockings and similar devices as directed by clinical policies to help prevent venous complications.
Clinical safety, communication, and documentation
Modern CNA programs teach infection control, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and hand hygiene. You will learn basic charting and how to communicate observations clearly and concisely to nurses and interdisciplinary teams.
Patient rights and privacy
Programs cover patient dignity, consent, and confidentiality requirements under privacy standards. Respectful communication and cultural sensitivity are reinforced throughout training.
Special considerations
Many programs include basic dementia care, behavioral strategies, and approaches for end-of-life support. Actual scopes of practice vary by state and employer; CNAs should follow facility policies and report changes to licensed providers.
Next steps after training
After completing classroom and clinical requirements, you must pass your state competency exam and register with your state nurse aide registry before working as a CNA. Continuing education and on-the-job experience will expand your skills and career options.