DVI-D is the digital-only DVI connector that brought cleaner, higher-resolution video to older flat panels and PCs. Today it still works well for legacy monitors and basic desktop setups, but HDMI and DisplayPort are better choices for audio, higher resolutions, and modern features.
DVI is a digital video interface that avoids analog conversions; VGA is an older analog standard. Use passive adapters only with DVI-I/A (analog present). Converting DVI-D (digital only) to VGA requires an active, powered converter.
DVI and HDMI use compatible digital video signaling, so passive DVI↔HDMI cables pass video reliably. HDMI adds audio and modern AV features (ARC/eARC, CEC, higher bandwidths) that DVI lacks. Use passive adapters for video-only needs; use active converters or HDMI gear when you need audio or advanced HDMI features.
DVI comes in DVI-D (digital), DVI-A (analog) and DVI-I (both). Passive DVI-to-VGA adapters only pass analog signals and work only with DVI-A or DVI-I outputs. For DVI-D you need an active converter.