DVI is a digital video interface that avoids analog conversions; VGA is an older analog standard. Use passive adapters only with DVI-I/A (analog present). Converting DVI-D (digital only) to VGA requires an active, powered converter.
DVI and HDMI use compatible digital video signaling, so passive DVI↔HDMI cables pass video reliably. HDMI adds audio and modern AV features (ARC/eARC, CEC, higher bandwidths) that DVI lacks. Use passive adapters for video-only needs; use active converters or HDMI gear when you need audio or advanced HDMI features.
DVI comes in DVI-D (digital), DVI-A (analog) and DVI-I (both). Passive DVI-to-VGA adapters only pass analog signals and work only with DVI-A or DVI-I outputs. For DVI-D you need an active converter.