Acid reflux (GERD) is caused by lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Start with lifestyle changes, use effective medications under clinical guidance, and consider surgery or devices if symptoms persist.
Acid reflux (GERD) occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, causing heartburn, regurgitation, and sometimes cough or hoarseness. Left untreated it can cause esophagitis, strictures, or Barrett's esophagus. Management ranges from lifestyle changes and medications (H2 blockers, PPIs) to surgery or device procedures for selected patients.