Updated guidance on when chemotherapy is used for breast cancer, how it is given, how it fits with targeted and hormonal treatments, common side effects, and fertility considerations.
An updated primer on how breast lumps are evaluated, modern surgical options (from lumpectomy to mastectomy), and how adjuvant endocrine, chemotherapy and targeted therapies are integrated with surgery.
Breast cancer can recur locally, regionally, or at distant sites. Evaluation starts with exam and biopsy; imaging is guided by symptoms. Receptor retesting guides subsequent treatment.
Breast cancer can return locally, regionally, or at distant sites. Modern follow-up focuses on symptom awareness, scheduled clinical exams and targeted imaging; treatments now include endocrine therapy, HER2-targeted agents, CDK4/6 inhibitors and, for some, immunotherapy.
Early detection, modern treatments, and healthy lifestyle choices together improve breast cancer survival and quality of life. Screening, individualized therapy, and supportive habits like exercise matter.
Stage 4 (metastatic) breast cancer means distant spread. Staging uses TNM categories; survival has improved since the 1990s because of targeted therapies, though prognosis varies by tumor biology.
Updated overview of breast cancer: what it is, how screening and prevention help, and current surgical and systemic treatment options including breast-conserving surgery, mastectomy, sentinel node biopsy, hormone and targeted therapies.
A clear, updated overview of how breast cancer is diagnosed today: the role of mammography, ultrasound, MRI, biopsy types, receptor and genomic testing, and when blood tests or advanced scans are used.
Overview of stomach (gastric) cancer: causes (H. pylori, diet, smoking, genetics), symptoms, modern diagnostic tests including endoscopy and staging, and current treatment options from endoscopic resection to targeted and immune therapies.
A concise, modern overview of esophageal cancer: types, staging tests, curative and palliative treatments, the role of endoscopic and systemic therapies, and the importance of molecular testing and clinical trials.
Male breast cancer accounts for about 1% of breast cancers; men should report lumps and other changes promptly because early diagnosis improves treatment options.