Adolescence is a critical window when mental health problems often emerge. Risk factors include academic pressure, relationship loss, abuse, and depression. Watch for persistent behavioral changes, talk openly if you're worried, remove immediate means of harm, and seek help from school counselors, medical providers, or crisis services (988 in the U.S.). Evidence-based therapies such as CBT and DBT, along with family and school supports, improve outcomes.
Why adolescent mental health matters
Adolescence brings rapid physical, social, and emotional change. Those transitions shape identity, relationships, and future wellbeing. Because mood disorders, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts often begin during the teen years, recognizing problems early improves the chances of effective support and recovery.
Common risk factors
Many factors can increase a teen's emotional strain. These include academic pressure, romantic breakups, bullying or abuse, family disruption or abandonment, early parenthood, and untreated depression. Social media can add stress by amplifying comparison and exposure to harmful content.
Not every teen under stress is at imminent risk, but multiple stressors or a history of mental health problems raise concern.
Warning signs parents, teachers, and peers can watch for
Look for changes from a teen's usual behavior. Red flags include persistent low mood, withdrawal from friends or activities, sudden drops in grades, changes in sleep or appetite, increased irritability, risky behavior, talk about death or hopelessness, self-injury, or giving away prized possessions.
One clear sign is a change that lasts more than a few weeks or suddenly worsens. Trust your instincts: if something feels off, ask and listen without judgment.
What to do if you're worried
Ask directly and calmly. Teens are more likely to open up when adults listen without lecturing. If a teen mentions suicide, take it seriously. Remove immediate means of harm when possible (for example, medications, weapons). Stay with the person and seek help.
Contact a primary care provider, pediatrician, school counselor, or a mental health professional for assessment. In the United States, the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline provides 24/7 support by phone or text. If a teen is in immediate danger, call emergency services.
Treatment options and supports
Evidence-based therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) are effective for many adolescents. Medication can be part of treatment for moderate to severe depression or anxiety but should be managed by a clinician experienced with youth. School-based counseling, peer support, and family therapy also play important roles.
Practical steps families and schools can take
Create open lines of communication. Teach coping skills, limit access to dangerous items, and help teens build routines that include sleep, activity, and social connection. Schools can train staff to spot warning signs, connect students to resources, and reduce stigma through education.
Early recognition and timely support change outcomes. When adults notice warning signs and act compassionately, they can help a teen move from crisis toward recovery and resilience.