Acne starts in the pilosebaceous unit when sebum and keratinocytes block a follicle. Bacterial growth (Cutibacterium acnes) and immune response cause inflammation and pimples. Modern treatment includes topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics (used carefully), hormonal therapies, and isotretinoin for severe cases.
Oral acne treatments vary from antibiotics and hormonal pills to isotretinoin and supplements. They can be effective but require diagnosis, monitoring and realistic expectations. Avoid long-term antibiotic monotherapy and consult a clinician before starting any oral therapy.
Updated overview of acne causes, practical skincare, OTC options, and modern prescription treatments including topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, hormonal therapies, and isotretinoin. Practical tips for reducing irritation and when to see a dermatologist.