Acne results from clogged follicles, excess sebum, Cutibacterium acnes, hormones, and inflammation. Gentle hygiene, benzoyl peroxide, and topical retinoids are first-line OTC options. For moderate-to-severe or scarring acne, clinicians may prescribe oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, or isotretinoin under specialist supervision. Avoid picking, use non-comedogenic products, and expect 6-12 weeks to see meaningful improvement.

What is acne?

Acne is a common inflammatory skin condition that causes comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, and sometimes deeper nodules or cysts. It most often affects the face, chest, back, neck, and shoulders.

What causes acne?

Acne develops when hair follicles (pores) become clogged by a mix of excess sebum, dead skin cells (hyperkeratinization), and bacteria - primarily Cutibacterium acnes. Hormones, genetics, and inflammation all play roles.

Myths and basic care

  • Chocolate or greasy food do not directly cause acne, but some studies link high-glycemic diets and certain dairy products to worse acne for some people.
  • Acne is not caused by lack of hygiene. Over-washing or harsh scrubs can irritate skin and worsen breakouts.
  • Acne is not contagious.
Do not pick or squeeze lesions; that increases inflammation and the risk of scarring.

Over-the-counter (OTC) options

Start mild and be consistent. Common OTC treatments include:

  • Benzoyl peroxide: reduces bacteria and inflammation. Use in the morning or as directed.
  • Topical retinoids: help normalize skin cell turnover and prevent clogged pores. Adapalene 0.1% is available OTC in many countries.
  • Gentle cleansers and non-comedogenic moisturizers: support the skin barrier and reduce irritation.
Expect to see improvement in 6-12 weeks. Temporary redness or peeling often appears when starting active treatments.

Prescription and professional treatments

If OTC products don't help or acne is moderate-to-severe, a clinician can tailor therapy. Options include:

  • Topical combination therapy (retinoid + benzoyl peroxide or topical antibiotic).
  • Oral antibiotics (doxycycline, minocycline) for inflammatory acne, used for the shortest effective duration to limit resistance.
  • Hormonal treatments for people with menstrual-cycle-related acne: combined oral contraceptives or spironolactone.
  • Oral isotretinoin for severe, nodulocystic, or scarring acne. This drug requires specialist supervision and strict pregnancy-prevention measures because of teratogenicity.
  • Procedural care: comedone extraction, intralesional steroid injections for large nodules, chemical peels, and light/laser therapies can help selected patients.

Practical skincare tips

  • Cleanse gently once or twice daily and after heavy sweating.
  • Use non-comedogenic makeup and remove it nightly.
  • Avoid abrasive scrubs and frequent astringents.
  • Follow treatment routines consistently and be patient; many therapies take weeks to work.

When to see a dermatologist

See a clinician if acne causes pain, scarring, or emotional distress, or if over-the-counter care does not produce improvement after 2-3 months. A dermatologist can personalize treatment and reduce the risk of scarring.

FAQs about Acne Skincare

How long does it take for acne treatment to work?
Most treatments need 6-12 weeks to show meaningful improvement. Some short-term irritation (redness, peeling) is common when starting active ingredients.
Can I use benzoyl peroxide with a topical retinoid?
Yes. Many clinicians recommend using them together or alternating to reduce bacteria and prevent clogged pores. Start slowly to minimize irritation.
Does diet affect acne?
Some people notice worsened acne with high-glycemic foods or certain dairy; effects vary. Dietary changes can help for some, but are not a universal cure.
When should I see a dermatologist?
See a dermatologist if acne is severe, painful, causing scarring, or not improving after 2-3 months of consistent OTC treatment.
Is isotretinoin safe?
Isotretinoin is highly effective for severe acne but has serious side effects and is teratogenic. It requires specialist supervision and pregnancy-prevention measures.

News about Acne Skincare

High Frequency Wands Are Skincare’s Most Underrated Tool—They Target Acne, Inflammation, and Hair Loss - Marie Claire UK [Visit Site | Read More]

I spoke to a derm – these are the three skincare ingredients she suggested for acne - The Independent [Visit Site | Read More]

Research Proves This Natural Oil Can Clear Acne Breakouts - Women's Health [Visit Site | Read More]

Sali Hughes on beauty: forget harsh treatments – to get rid of adult acne, show your skin some love - The Guardian [Visit Site | Read More]

What’s In, What’s Out, What's Next: We Asked Experts to Explain The Skincare Trends Taking Over 2026 - Cosmopolitan [Visit Site | Read More]

The ultimate guide to safe, effective teen skincare — from the experts - Good Housekeeping [Visit Site | Read More]

Nic Taylor, founder of awarding winning skincare brand 47 Skin, speak about his own struggles with acne and blemishes (Contains affiliate links) - facebook.com [Visit Site | Read More]

This High-Strength French Retinol Makes Skin 'Plump And Refreshed' After Just One Use — Get It On Super Sale - HuffPost [Visit Site | Read More]