AdSense click fraud includes self-clicking, bots, and manipulated ad code. Networks use automated and manual systems to detect invalid clicks, which can lead to withheld earnings, account bans, and in serious cases legal action. Follow AdSense policies and monitor traffic quality to avoid penalties.
Modern spam filtering uses keywords plus reputation, authentication, and machine learning. Use account controls, aliases, and sender authentication to reduce spam and false positives.
Spam evolved from nuisance ads into phishing and malware vectors. Modern defenses rely on layered filters, authentication standards (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), sandboxing, and machine learning to reduce risk and keep inboxes usable.
Microsoft's modern antispam and email security (EOP, Defender for Office 365) use layered detection - reputation, ML, sandboxing, and URL checks - to block malware and phishing. Pair these services with user habits like not opening unknown mail and enabling MFA.