Email filtering today combines keywords with sender reputation, authentication (SPF/DKIM/DMARC), blocklists, and machine learning. Users should mark spam, set targeted filters, use aliases, and ask legitimate senders to implement authentication to improve delivery.
Why you still get spam
Email providers no longer rely on a fixed list of "spam words" alone. Modern spam filters combine many signals - keywords, sender reputation, message headers, authentication checks (SPF/DKIM/DMARC), user reports, and machine-learning models - to decide whether a message is spam.
That means some messages with typical marketing words can be delivered normally, and some harmless messages may land in your spam folder because other signals look suspicious. Always check your spam folder periodically so you don't miss legitimate mail.
Keyword filters are still part of the toolkit
Keywords remain a component of filtering, especially for simple or custom rules you set in your account. But major providers such as Gmail and Outlook use statistical models and reputation systems that weigh many factors. Relying on keywords alone is less effective today than it was a decade ago.
You can add or remove specific words in custom filters for your account. Those rules help with recurring, obvious junk, but they can also cause false positives if a legitimate sender uses the same words.
What providers and businesses use now
- Machine learning classifiers that update from billions of messages.
- Reputation systems that track IPs, domains, and sending patterns.
- Authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) so receivers can verify senders.
- Blocklists and allowlists (blacklists and whitelists) for known bad or trusted senders.
Practical steps to reduce spam and avoid false positives
- Use your provider's spam controls: mark messages as spam or "not spam" to train the filter.
- Create filters that match senders or exact phrases rather than broad single words.
- Use different email addresses or aliases for shopping, newsletters, and personal contacts.
- Unsubscribe from lists you no longer want; legitimate senders must respect unsubscribe requests under laws like CAN-SPAM and similar regulations globally.
- For senders: implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to improve deliverability and avoid being flagged as spam.
- Consider reputable third-party spam filters or secure email gateways if you need enterprise-level protection.
Bottom line
Spam keywords still matter, but they are only one signal among many. Use account-level controls, good sender practices, and simple habits (like checking your spam folder) to reduce unwanted mail and prevent lost messages.