Acid reflux occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus because the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to close properly. Triggers include obesity, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, certain foods, alcohol, smoking, and some medications.
Stretch marks (striae) form when deeper skin layers stretch and tear. Prevention focuses on hydration, steady weight changes, nutrition, and moisturizing. Home remedies may improve skin feel but lack strong evidence; dermatologic options like retinoids, microneedling, and lasers offer more consistent results - especially for newer marks.
Stretch marks are dermal scars that fade but rarely disappear; early topical retinoids and in-office procedures (lasers, microneedling, radiofrequency) can reduce their appearance, while over-the-counter creams offer limited proof.
A balanced diet is the best source of vitamins, but targeted supplements - like folic acid in pregnancy or B12 for vegans and older adults - can fill gaps. Routine multivitamins do not reliably prevent chronic disease for well-nourished adults; consult a clinician for personalized advice.
Supplements can help fill predictable nutrient shortfalls caused by modern diets, life stages, or absorption issues, but they are not a substitute for a balanced diet and should be chosen with attention to quality and safety.
Acid reflux (GERD) results from stomach contents rising into the esophagus. Key causes include LES dysfunction and hiatal hernia, excess acid or bile, delayed stomach emptying, reduced saliva or swallowing, and lifestyle factors. Nighttime reflux worsens because gravity and saliva clearance are reduced.
Icelandic cod liver oil delivers EPA/DHA plus vitamins A and D. It can support nutrient needs but varies by product; check labels and seek medical advice if pregnant or on medications.
Use a multivitamin to fill verified nutritional gaps, not to replace healthy eating. Choose age-appropriate formulations, check labels and prefer third-party tested products.
Stretch marks form when skin stretches faster than it can adapt. Treatments - topicals, lasers, microneedling - can improve appearance but do not guarantee complete removal. Early marks respond better than older ones.