Public Speaking 101: Five Practical Steps to Better Talks (In-Person and Online)

This updated Public Speaking 101 keeps the original five elements - choosing the speech type, previewing and reviewing, memorizing openings and closings, writing conversationally, and making eye contact - but adds modern guidance for virtual presentations, slide use, and rehearsal practices to manage nerves and improve clarity.

Public speaking remains a common fear, but it's also a learnable skill that improves career opportunities and influence. Keep the classic "Public Speaking 101" basics - they still work - but apply them to today's in-person and virtual settings.

1) Decide the purpose: informative, demonstrative, or persuasive

Start by naming the speech type and what success looks like. Are you explaining a concept, showing how something works, or trying to change minds or prompt action? That decision shapes structure, language, and proof points. A short persuasive talk uses a different evidence mix than an instructional demo.

2) Tell the audience what you'll say, then say it, then remind them

Use the simple three-part structure: preview, deliver, review. Open by signaling the main idea and the few points you'll cover. Move through each point clearly. Close by restating the core message and the next step you want the audience to take. This repetition helps retention.

3) Memorize your opening and closing - practice the middle

Knowing your first 30-60 seconds and your final lines gives you a confident start and a controlled finish. For the middle, rely on an outline or cue cards and practice transitions aloud. Recording rehearsal sessions or practicing in front of a small group reveals rough spots and builds fluency.

4) Use conversational language and stories

Write like you speak. Short sentences, concrete examples, and a few brief stories make technical or formal content memorable. Avoid dense, booklike paragraphs; instead, use plain language and active verbs. If you must use technical terms, define them briefly and move on.

5) Make connection: eye contact, scanning, and camera technique

Connection matters. In person, scan the room and make brief eye contact with different sections; that creates a sense of inclusion. If direct eye contact feels intense, aim slightly above a person's eyes. For virtual talks, look at the camera lens periodically to simulate eye contact, and use the platform's chat and reactions to engage viewers. Adjust lighting and camera height so your face reads clearly on screen.

Anxiety, slides, and final practical tips

Nerves are normal. Use slow diaphragmatic breaths before you begin and practice until your opening feels automatic. Keep slides minimal - one idea per slide, large type, and visuals that support your message rather than repeat it. Time your talk in rehearsal and allow brief pauses; silence helps both you and the audience process information.

Bring these five elements into your next talk. They preserve the classic Public Speaking 101 approach while adapting it to modern expectations, including online delivery and concise visual aids.