Binge Eating Disorder involves repeated, uncontrollable binge episodes paired with distress and occurs across the weight spectrum. Causes are multifactorial (genetic, biological, psychological, social). BED increases risk of obesity-related health problems and emotional distress. Effective treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, guided self-help, and, for some adults, medications - notably lisdexamfetamine (FDA-approved for moderate-to-severe BED). Seek evaluation from a primary care or mental-health professional; national organizations such as NEDA and AED offer resources.

What is binge eating disorder?

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a recognized eating disorder marked by recurrent episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food while feeling a loss of control. Episodes are accompanied by distress - guilt, shame, or embarrassment - but unlike bulimia nervosa, they are not regularly followed by compensatory behaviors (purging, laxatives, excessive exercise).

10 quick facts

  1. BED is a clinical diagnosis in the DSM-5 and the ICD-11.
  1. People with BED experience repeated, uncontrollable binge episodes and significant distress about their eating.
  1. BED affects people across the weight spectrum; many are overweight or obese, but normal-weight people can also have the disorder.
  1. It occurs in all genders and ages but is diagnosed more often in women.
  1. Estimates indicate millions of adults in the U.S. have BED; lifetime and annual prevalence estimates vary by study.
  1. Causes are multifactorial: genetic, neurobiological, psychological (including prior dieting and negative mood), and social factors can all contribute.
  1. BED increases the risk of medical problems associated with excess weight (type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, gallbladder disease, sleep apnea) and is commonly comorbid with depression and anxiety; some people report suicidal thoughts. 1
  1. Effective treatments include evidence-based psychotherapy - especially cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) - guided self-help, and, for some people, medication. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is an FDA-approved medication for moderate-to-severe BED; some antidepressants can also reduce binge frequency.
  1. Early recognition and integrated care that addresses both eating behavior and physical health improves outcomes.
  1. If you suspect you have BED, consult a primary care clinician or a mental-health professional with eating-disorder experience for assessment and a treatment plan.

Causes and risk factors

Researchers view BED as multifactorial. A history of dieting, restrictive eating, negative mood states, impulsivity, family history of eating disorders, and biological factors (brain reward pathways, genetics) can increase risk. More research continues to refine specific mechanisms.

Health consequences

BED can lead to weight gain and increase the likelihood of obesity-related conditions (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, sleep problems) and reduced quality of life. Psychological impacts - low self-esteem, depression, and social impairment - are common.

Treatment and next steps

CBT adapted for binge eating is a first-line psychotherapy. IPT and guided self-help (CBT-based) are also effective. For some adults, pharmacotherapy reduces binge frequency; lisdexamfetamine is the only medication specifically FDA-approved for BED, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may help some patients. Treatment often combines psychotherapy, medical monitoring, and, when appropriate, weight-management support.

Where to get help

Start with your primary care provider or a mental-health professional. National organizations with up-to-date resources and directories include:

  • National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)
  • Academy for Eating Disorders (AED)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Local eating-disorder programs and academic centers can provide specialized care. If you or someone else is in immediate danger or has active suicidal thoughts, call emergency services or your local crisis line.
  1. Verify current prevalence estimates for BED in the U.S. (lifetime and 12-month figures).
  2. Confirm evidence and statistics regarding the association between BED and suicidal ideation/suicide risk.

FAQs about Binge Eating

How do I know if my eating is binge eating disorder or occasional overeating?
BED involves recurrent episodes of eating large amounts with a sense of loss of control and significant distress. Occasional overeating without loss of control or distress does not meet the clinical definition. A clinician can assess severity and frequency.
Can people with BED be a normal weight?
Yes. BED affects people across the weight spectrum. While many people with BED are overweight or obese, others maintain a normal weight.
What treatments work for BED?
First-line treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). Guided self-help (CBT-based) can help. Lisdexamfetamine is FDA-approved for moderate-to-severe BED; some antidepressants may reduce bingeing for certain individuals.
Where can I find reliable information and help?
Start with your primary care clinician or a mental-health professional experienced in eating disorders. National resources include the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), the Academy for Eating Disorders (AED), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).