Acne arises from oil production, clogged pores, bacteria and inflammation. Preventive steps include gentle cleansing, non-comedogenic products, managing diet and stress, and avoiding picking. Treatments range from topical benzoyl peroxide and retinoids to oral antibiotics, hormonal therapies (oral contraceptives, spironolactone), and isotretinoin for severe cases. Dermatologic procedures can address active lesions and scarring. Consult a clinician for moderate-to-severe or scarring acne to craft an individualized plan.

How acne develops

Acne results from blocked hair follicles and inflammation. Key drivers are sebum (skin oil) production, clogged pores (comedones), bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes), and inflammation. Hormonal shifts, genetics, lifestyle and environmental factors influence those processes.

Common triggers and simple prevention

Hormones

Androgens increase sebum and commonly trigger acne during puberty, pregnancy, monthly menstrual cycles and some medical conditions. In many cases acne improves when hormones stabilize, but treatment can be needed in the meantime.

Hygiene and skin care

Gentle care helps. Use a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser twice daily and avoid harsh scrubs or excessive washing, which can irritate skin. Don't pick or squeeze lesions - that raises the risk of scarring and infection.

Cosmetics and hair products

Choose oil-free, non-comedogenic makeup and hair products. Keep hair off the face and wash oils from clothing or work gear promptly.

Diet and lifestyle

Evidence links high-glycemic-index diets and certain dairy products (especially skim milk) to worsening acne in some people. Adopting a balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains and lean protein may help. Stress can also worsen acne; address it with sleep, exercise, and stress-management techniques.

When to see a clinician

If acne is moderate to severe, painful, widespread, or leaves scarring or emotional distress, consult a dermatologist or primary care clinician. They can diagnose underlying causes and design a treatment plan.

Medical treatments (overview)

  • Topical treatments: benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoids (adapalene, tretinoin), and topical antibiotics (often combined with benzoyl peroxide) remain first-line for mild to moderate acne.
  • Oral medications: antibiotics such as doxycycline or minocycline are used for inflammatory acne for limited periods to reduce resistance. Oral contraceptives and spironolactone are effective options for hormonally driven acne in many adults who can use them.
  • Isotretinoin: a systemic retinoid is reserved for severe, nodulocystic, or treatment-resistant acne. It requires specialist supervision because of significant side effects and teratogenic risk.
Treatment often combines approaches and may take weeks to months to show clear improvement.

Procedures and scar treatments

Procedures such as comedone extraction, chemical peels, lasers, light therapies, microneedling and fillers can reduce active lesions or treat scarring. A dermatologist will recommend the right procedure for scar type and skin tone.

Complementary approaches

Some people try botanical or traditional remedies. Evidence varies; discuss complementary treatments with your clinician to avoid interactions and delays in effective care.

Bottom line

Acne has many causes. Start with gentle skin care and lifestyle adjustments, and seek medical care if acne is persistent, severe, or scarring. Modern topical, oral and procedural options make individualized control achievable in most cases.

FAQs about Acne Cure

Can changing my diet clear acne?
Diet alone rarely 'cures' acne, but evidence shows high-glycemic diets and some dairy may worsen acne in susceptible people. A balanced, lower-glycemic diet and observing your own triggers can help as part of overall care.
Are over‑the‑counter products effective?
Yes. OTC options like benzoyl peroxide and adapalene (a topical retinoid) can significantly improve mild to moderate acne when used consistently. Follow product directions and be patient - results often take several weeks.
When should I see a dermatologist?
See a clinician if acne is moderate to severe, widespread, painful, causes scarring, or affects your mental health. A dermatologist can prescribe stronger treatments and procedures that aren't available OTC.
Is isotretinoin safe?
Isotretinoin is effective for severe or resistant acne but carries risks including teratogenicity and other side effects. It requires specialist monitoring and strict pregnancy prevention measures for people who can become pregnant.
Does picking acne make it worse?
Yes. Picking increases inflammation, risk of infection and scarring. Use appropriate topical treatments and seek professional extraction if needed.