When treating acne, choose oil-free, non-comedogenic and fragrance-free cosmetics and patch-test new products. Early irritation from topical retinoids or benzoyl peroxide is common; use a gentle cleanser, moisturizer, and sunscreen. To limit antibiotic resistance, clinicians favor shorter antibiotic courses, combination approaches, and newer topical or narrow-spectrum options. Ongoing research targets sebum regulation, Cutibacterium acnes immune interactions, and safer therapies. For acne scarring, lasers, microneedling, and other procedures can help; consult a board-certified dermatologist. NIAMS and the American Academy of Dermatology provide reliable patient resources and physician directories.
Choose cosmetics that support treatment
Switching some products is often part of effective acne care. Use oil-free, non-comedogenic cosmetics (foundation, blush, moisturizers, sunscreens, and hair products). Fragrance-free or hypoallergenic formulas reduce irritation for many people.Mineral makeup can be a gentle option, but any product can irritate sensitive skin. If you start a topical retinoid or benzoyl peroxide, expect some redness, dryness, or flaking at first - this can make evening out foundation harder. Use a gentle cleanser, a light, non-comedogenic moisturizer, and broad-spectrum sunscreen daily. Patch-test new products and stop anything that worsens irritation.
Antibiotics and resistance: what's changed
Researchers and clinicians have observed resistance in bacteria associated with acne. To limit this problem, dermatology guidance emphasizes conservative use of oral antibiotics, combining topical antibiotics with benzoyl peroxide, and avoiding long courses when possible. Newer acne options help reduce reliance on traditional antibiotics.Newer topical and oral options
In the past decade, several newer medications reached clinical use. Examples include topical dapsone and topical androgen receptor inhibitors (for example, clascoterone). Narrow-spectrum oral tetracyclines have also been introduced. These treatments offer alternatives for patients who need options beyond older antibiotics or who prefer topical approaches.Research directions
Scientists continue to study the biological drivers of acne. Current research focuses on how sebum production is regulated, how Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) interacts with the immune system, and how to target those pathways with fewer side effects. Investigators also study isotretinoin's long-term effects, including any links to mood changes, and monitor safety through careful patient screening and follow-up.Treatments for acne scarring
A range of energy-based and procedural options can improve acne scars. Non-ablative and fractional lasers, microneedling, subcision, and certain filler or resurfacing techniques can reduce scar appearance with controlled recovery times. Choice of procedure depends on scar type and skin tone; consult a board-certified dermatologist or qualified proceduralist for personalized recommendations.Where to get reliable information and care
National resources include the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD). Both provide patient education, treatment overviews, and directories to find board-certified dermatologists. Talk to a dermatologist about adapting cosmetics, combining therapies safely, and monitoring treatments such as isotretinoin.Small changes in products and a coordinated treatment plan make a big difference. Work with a clinician, protect your skin barrier, and expect that some initial irritation can settle as treatment progresses.