Arctic cod liver oil supplies omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) and vitamins A and D. Evidence supports modest cardiovascular benefits - especially triglyceride reduction - but other health claims need stronger proof. Safety considerations include vitamin A excess, possible interactions with blood thinners, and the value of third-party purity testing. Follow product labels or a clinician's advice.
What Arctic cod liver oil is
Arctic cod liver oil is a fish-derived dietary supplement made from the livers of cold-water cod. Manufacturers sell it as an unflavored oil, in flavored liquids, and in capsules. The product is valued for its omega-3 fats and its natural vitamins A and D.
Key nutrients and what they do
- Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA): these long-chain fats support brain and eye development and contribute to cardiovascular health. Evidence is strongest for reducing triglyceride levels and supporting general heart health when taken at appropriate doses.
- Vitamin D: contributes to bone health and immune function.
- Vitamin A: involved in vision and immune responses, but excessive intake can be harmful.
- Vitamin E: often present or added as an antioxidant to protect the oil from oxidation.
Potential benefits and limits of the evidence
Cod liver oil supplies both omega-3s and fat-soluble vitamins, which is why people take it for general wellness, joint comfort, mood support, and cognitive development in children. Clinical evidence supports modest cardiometabolic benefits from EPA/DHA - most consistently a reduction in blood triglycerides. Other claims, such as cancer prevention or large improvements in cognitive function, are not established and need stronger clinical evidence.
Safety and interactions
Because cod liver oil contains vitamins A and D, products can contribute substantially to daily intake of these vitamins. Excessive vitamin A intake can be harmful, particularly in pregnancy. People on blood thinners, those with bleeding disorders, or anyone taking prescription omega-3 or anticoagulant drugs should consult their clinician before starting a fish oil supplement.
Purity and product quality
Modern manufacturers commonly use molecular distillation or similar processes to reduce contaminants such as PCBs and heavy metals. Look for products that list third-party testing or certification and follow the product label for serving size. If you prefer to avoid additional vitamins, some consumers choose purified fish-oil concentrates that provide EPA/DHA without added A or D.
Practical guidance
Follow the product label or your healthcare provider for dosing. Many people take cod liver oil with food to reduce stomach upset. Pregnant people and those with chronic conditions should discuss use with a clinician to avoid nutrient excess or drug interactions.
Bottom line
Arctic cod liver oil is a convenient source of EPA, DHA, and fat-soluble vitamins. It can be part of a nutritional plan when chosen thoughtfully and used according to label directions or medical advice. For specific health conditions or pregnancy, consult your healthcare provider before starting supplementation.